OPENING QUESTIONS: Cosmic Rays consist primarily of hydrogen and helium nuclei. That's hardly surprising since most of the Universe is comprised of those elements.
Cosmic rays are VERY high energy particles originating from super novas and other high energy events in space. Some cosmic rays have energies of 40 million times the energy imparted by the Large Hadron Collider. In fact--- back in 1991 scientists set out to observe and precisely measure cosmic rays using airborne detectors. They found something pretty astounding (Now dubbed it the "Oh My God Particle"). When it hit the Earth's upper atmosphere it was travelling at an incredible
99.99999999999999999999951% c
That means the associated energy was about the same as a baseball thrown at over 50 mph.... we're talking a PROTON here people!!!!
Since then, over a dozen such ultra-high energy cosmic-ray particles have been detected
Assuming that particle was, in fact, a proton (a fair assumption), find the radius of the distance from the magnetic field lines that such a particle traveling at 99.99999999999999999999951% c will maintain as it spirals along one of Earth's magnetic field lines if the strength of the magnetic field is ~40 μT?
Checkout THIS animation
OBJECTIVE: I will be able to relate electric force and magnetic force to a charged particule during today's class
WORDS/FORMULAE FOR TODAY
TERMS
- Magnetic Field (B): A vector value
- Magnetic Force (FB): Also a vector
CONSTANTS:
UNITS:
- Tesla = T defined as 1 N/C(m/s)
FORMULAE:
- FB = qv x B (vector value)
- FB = qvBsinθ (FB magnitude of only)
WORK O' THE DAY:
Please shoot me an email (right this moment if you please, do NOT look at your notes, do NOT have your book open do NOT talk to your groupies) to THESE specifications
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Trebuchet Challenge?
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Task at hand
Although there are a number of other designations for specific em band radiation such as radar (Range And Direction by Amplified Radio) and other such.... all EM radiation shares a common trait--
an electric field component and a magnetic field component (hence the term)
As you might expect, if a charged particle experiences an em wave (with electric and magnetic fields) it also experiences both magnetic and electric forces (together called the Lorentz Force) given by:
FB + FE
Simple substitutions yield:
qE + (qv x B)
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However, it is ALWAYS a sketchy preposition to deal with light in a classical (read: Newtonian) sense.
I found THIS article that discusses those pitfalls at length. I suspect that if we had the time AND the inclination this would make an interesting exercise. Most of the math is within our parameters but some of the diff eq's are not.
So... there is a reason why our author avoids the comparisons to EM radiation and instead sticks with several devices commonly used in science and engineering.
Take a quick read on the mass spectrometer section... that device is used in crime labs to determine the presence of various compounds.
The author omits a critical step in that process.... did anyone pick up on that(especially chemists)?
(Answer: The sample needs to be IONIZED first.... so recall your basic chemistry, if an outermost electron orbiting an atomic nucleus receives enough of a JOLT of energy it gets blasted away from the atom, resulting in a positive ion.
Which is the first step inside a mass spec...)
Moving along...
Notice also that equ 29.7 and 29.8 and 29.9 are both variations/perturbations/substitutions of:
qE + (qv x B)
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COURSEWORK: Plase examine TWO of the devices listed on page 880 & 881 in detail. Then do 29.25, 29.26!
ANSWERS are below:
Click HERE to see Mass Spec animation
Click HERE to see charged-particle-in-a-helical-path
Click HERE to see charged-particle-in-a-mag-field motion
